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Region: Iberia

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  • Manuscript page by Maimonides written in Judeo-Arabic with Hebrew letters.

    Musa ibn Maymun (Maimonides)

    Biography · 4 minutes · 1138-1204 · Al-Andalus

    Jewish philosopher, jurist, and physician whose Andalusi and wider Mediterranean career helps readers track intellectual exchange across religious and political boundaries.

  • Restored pavilion in the Court of the Lions at the Alhambra in Granada.

    Ibn Zamrak

    Biography · 4 minutes · 14th c. · Al-Andalus

    Nasrid court poet and statesman whose verses became part of the Alhambra's built environment, making him a key figure for readers tracing power, patronage, and literary culture in late Granada.

  • Entrance to the tomb of Moulay Idriss I in Morocco.

    Idris I

    Biography · 2 minutes · late 8th c. · Al-Andalus

    Founder of the Idrisid line in Morocco, essential for readers following early state formation in the Maghreb and the political background that shaped later western Islamic history.

  • Bust of Ibn al-Khatib.

    Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib

    Biography · 4 minutes · 14th c. · Al-Andalus

    Nasrid vizier, historian, litterateur, and diplomat whose career opens onto the political fragility and intellectual brilliance of late Granada.

  • Modern artistic depiction of Lubna of Cordoba by Jose Luis Munoz.

    Lubna of Cordoba

    Biography · 4 minutes · 10th c. · Al-Andalus

    Tenth-century Cordoban intellectual associated with the caliphal library and scholarly culture, useful for readers tracing literacy, administration, and women's visibility in elite Andalusi knowledge networks.

  • Modern Arabic calligraphy associated with Ibn Hazm.

    Ibn Hazm

    Biography · 4 minutes · 994-1064 · Al-Andalus

    Cordoban jurist, polemicist, and writer whose work reveals how theology, law, and social argument sharpened during the taifa transition.

  • Photograph of a monument associated with Ibn Khaldun in Tunisia.

    Ibn Khaldun

    Biography · 4 minutes · 1332-1406 · Al-Andalus

    North African historian and political thinker whose Muqaddimah remains central to studying power, society, and historical change.

  • Statue of Ibn Rushd in Cordoba.

    Ibn Rushd (Averroes)

    Biography · 4 minutes · 1126-1198 · Al-Andalus

    Cordoban jurist, physician, and philosopher whose commentaries and legal work shaped intellectual life across Islamic and Latin scholarly worlds.

  • Frontispiece from an English edition of The History of Hayy ibn Yaqzan.

    Ibn Tufayl

    Biography · 2 minutes · 12th c. · Al-Andalus

    Andalusi philosopher, physician, and court intellectual best known for linking science, medicine, and speculative thought in the Almohad age.

  • Nineteenth-century Spanish engraving depicting Ibn Tumart.

    Ibn Tumart

    Biography · 2 minutes · early 12th c. · Al-Andalus

    Religious reformer whose teachings and authority claims launched the Almohad movement before it became an imperial power.

  • Silver-rich billon dinero from the reign of Alfonso VI.

    Alfonso VI of Castile

    Biography · 2 minutes · 11th c. · Iberia

    Castilian-Leonese ruler whose capture of Toledo and taifa politics helped trigger a new phase of Iberian and Maghrebi conflict.

  • Boabdil and his family leaving the Alhambra after the fall of Granada in a nineteenth-century painting.

    Boabdil (Muhammad XII)

    Biography · 4 minutes · late 15th c. · Iberia

    Last Nasrid ruler of Granada, remembered through the 1492 surrender and later legends that often simplify a much larger political collapse.